Geotechnical engineers harness a critical role in identifying subsurface voids, which pose significant challenges to the stability and functionality of structures. These hidden cavities can originate from various factors, such as geological formations, dissolution, or human activities. Employing a suite of investigative techniques, including geoph

Geotechnical exploration techniques are essential for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These features can significantly impact the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and landforms. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to detect cavities and voids. These include boreholes, geophysical techniques s

Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can survey beneath the Earth's surface to detect subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral concentration. These geophysical techniques often involve the recording